The Greatest Innovations of All Time
History's Greatest Innovations
When it comes to saving or improving our lives, certain inventions and ideas stand out
By Larry KeeleyHere's how we chose the most invaluable innovations ever:
1. It saved lives, extended average lifespan, or materially improved the quality of life.Examples: anesthetics, surgery, vaccines, antibiotics, and genetic screening.
2. It led directly and indirectly to downstream derivative innovations that fundamentally altered how we live and what we are able to do as a species.Mathematics, money, property ownership, and containerized shipping make the list. The Internet makes it, but Google, Microsoft Windows, and iPods do not.
3. It helped to increase the amplifier effect of modern economies–increasing the standard of living for the population as a whole.Printing, free markets, capital markets, and limited liability each do this.
4. It freed up people's time to do something besides just scramble endlessly for the food and shelter and clothing they need to survive.This is where the logic of Jared Diamond's brilliant treatise Guns, Germs and Steel was helpful. Examples: weapons, domesticated animals, agriculture, and participative democracy.
We believe it is analytically impossible to definitively reduce these (and any similar) grandiose indices to deterministic ratings, say on a 1- to 100-point scale. Naturally, we would love to have this belief challenged.—Larry Keeley, president, Doblin